How we train

the four quadrants used
at traction

Traction Dog Training Club utilizes all four quadrants
of Operant Conditioning Theory.
+R

Positive reinforcement is when your dog receives a reward that encourages them to repeat a behavior we like.

For example, you give your dog a treat for laying down when asked.

-R

Negative reinforcement is when something your dog dislikes is removed as a reward, to encourage them to repeat a behavior we like.

For example, the pressure of a slip lead is released when your dog moves towards you.

+P

Positive punishment is when something your dog dislikes happens to discourage them from repeating an unwanted behavior.

For example, you spray your dog with a spray bottle of water when they jump on the countertop.

-P

Negative punishment is when something your dog likes is taken away to discourage them from repeating an unwanted behavior.

For example, you leave the room (taking yourself away) when your dog jumps on you.

why don't we use
positive reinforcement (+r) only?

It allows us to give feedback on what we do want but does not allow any feedback on what we don’t want or what is dangerous. This muddles communication and fails to stop many self-rewarding behaviors like stealing food off counters.

Because it becomes much harder for the dog to figure out what we want from them and how to earn rewards (treats, toys, praise, or otherwise). For anxious or aggressive dogs, it takes longer for them to learn that they are not in danger and can relax.

It’s important to set behaviors while dogs are new to the family and to set realistic expectations for your family. Furthermore, many of the dogs we train simply do not have months or years to stop acting aggressively or dangerously. If your dog acts aggressively towards dogs, people, bikes, or otherwise, you are at risk of expensive fines and court fees for small offenses all the way up to prison time and euthanasia if someone gets injured.

For example, if your dog has a strong prey drive and values chasing rabbits over getting treats or toys, it is extremely difficult to teach your dog to focus around rabbits using treats and toys only. On the other end of the spectrum, some dogs do not value treats or toys.
Dogs correct each other near constantly. Even mother dogs nip their puppies to teach them healthy and safe boundaries. Corrections are not inherently emotional or dramatic, but a normal part of life. Among humans, +R is equivalent to never telling children “no” and allowing them to run across busy streets if they want.